Which of the following is the most common leukocyte? E
erythrocytes
lymphocytes
monocytes
basophils
neutrophils
[#FRAME:"TRM1S1B"]
NONE
Which of the following is the least common leukocyte? D
erythrocytes
lymphocytes
monocytes
basophils
neutrophils
[#FRAME:"TRM1S1B"]
NONE
Which of the following plasma proteins is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood's osmotic pressure? E
globulin
fibrinogen
gamma globulin
beta globulin
albumin
[#FRAME:"TRM1S2C"]
NONE
Which of the following has the highest concentration of proteins? A
high-density lipoprotein
low-density lipoprotein
very-low-density lipoprotein
chylomicrons
[#FRAME:"TRM1S2D"]
NONE
Which of the following best represents the number of hemoglobin molecules within one red blood cell? E
1
4
100
100,000,000
over 200,000,000
[#FRAME:"TRM1S3C"]
NONE
Leukocytes do not contain hemoglobin. A
true
false
[#FRAME:"TRM1S4A"]
NONE
Which of the following white blood cells specializes in the body's defense against parasites? A
eosinophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
basophils
neutrophils
[#FRAME:"TRM1S4A"]
NONE
If an individual does not have either antigen A or B on their red blood cells, what is his or her blood type? D
A
B
AB
O
This is an impossible situation.
[#FRAME:"TRM1S6A"]
NONE
Which of the following organs produce erythropoietin in response to decreased blood oxygen? D
bone
brain
heart
kidney
hypothalamus
[#FRAME:"TRM1S3D"]
NONE
Which of the following is the site of erythrocyte synthesis? A
red bone marrow
yellow bone marrow
heart
kidney
hypothalamus
[#FRAME:"TRM1S3D"]
NONE
Identify this specific white blood cell. C
neutrophil
basophil
monocyte
eosinophil
lymphocyte
[#FRAME:"TRM1S1A"]
EXAM_13
Which of the following are true about the below hematocrits. C
Both a and b show the disease "anemia."
A is from a big person, B is from a small person.
A is from an "average" male, and B is from a "average" female.
A is from an "average" female, and B is from a "average" male.
Both hematocrits show a large quantity of lipoproteins.
[#FRAME:"TRM1S1D"]
EXAM_14
What blood type has both antibodies A and B in its plasma? D
A
B
AB
O
[#FRAME:"TRM1S6B"]
NONE
What blood type has antigen A on the surface of its red blood cells, and antibody B in its plasma? A
A
B
AB
O
[#FRAME:"TRM1S6B"]
NONE
Which of the following blood types is called the universal recipient, in that the person with this blood type can receive any of the other blood types without coagulation? C
A
B
AB
O
[#FRAME:"TRM1S6D"]
NONE
In a normal electrocardiogram, ventricular depolarization is represented by which of the following signals? B
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM2S3E"]
NONE
The term systole means to ____, and diastole means to ______ B
enlarge/shrink
contract/dilate
gain nutrients/lose nutrients
gain power/lose power
[#FRAME:"TRM2S3C"]
NONE
Heart anatomy: Identify this specific structure of the heart. D
apex
aortic valve
interventricular septum
papillary muscle
coronary sinus
[#FRAME:"TRM2S1F"]
EXAM_20
Heart anatomy: Identify this specific structure of the heart. C
apex
aortic valve
interventricular septum
papillary muscle
coronary sinus
[#FRAME:"TRM2S1F"]
EXAM_21
Which of the following components of the cardiac conduction system is located in the interventricular septum? C
atrioventricular (AV) bundle
sinoatrial (SA) node
left and right bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
[#FRAME:"TRM2S3G"]
NONE
Which layer of the heart can contract and relax? B
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
[#FRAME:"TRM2S1E"]
NONE
Which layer of the heart lines the chambers and comes in direct contact with the blood? A
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
[#FRAME:"TRM2S1E"]
NONE
When the right and left atria contract, the AV valves are A
open.
closed.
[#FRAME:"TRM2S4C"]
NONE
When the right and left ventricles contract, the AV valves are ____ and the pulmonary and aortic valves are _______. C
closed/closed
open/open
closed/open
open/closed
[#FRAME:"TRM2S4C"]
NONE
Which of the following lists the components of the cardiac conduction system in the correct order? A
SA node/AV node/AV bundle/bundle branches/Purkinje fibers
AV node/AV bundle/bundle branches/Purkinje fibers/AV node
SA node/AV bundle/AV node/bundle branches/Purkinje fibers
AV node/bundle branches/AV bundle/Purkinje fibers/AV node
[#FRAME:"TRM2S3C"]
NONE
What is the function of the coronary arteries? C
They help support the bicuspid and tricuspid valves.
They connect the lungs to the left atrium.
They supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood.
They return blood to the right atrium.
They become active only after a heart attack.
[#FRAME:"TRM2S7B"]
NONE
Which of the following are symptoms of a myocardial infarction? E
shortness of breath
prolonged chest pain
pain in the left shoulder
nausea
All of the above are symptoms of a myocardial infarction.
[#FRAME:"TRM2S7B"]
NONE
If a thrombus breaks loose and is free-floating with a blood vessel, it is called a(n) D
heart attack.
coronary ischemia.
atherosclerosis.
embolus.
hardening of the arteries.
[#FRAME:"TRM2S7B"]
NONE
Identify the blood vessel. B
femoral vein
internal jugular vein
brachiocephalic vein
axillary vein
hepatic vein
[#FRAME:"TRM3S5D"]
EXAM_31
Identify the blood vessel. A
left coronary artery
lumbar artery
superior mesenteric artery
renal artery
splenic artery
[#FRAME:"TRM3S4H"]
EXAM_32
Identify the blood vessel. E
popliteal artery
aorta artery
subclavian artery
common iliac artery
brachiocephalic artery
[#FRAME:"TRM3S4E"]
EXAM_33
Identify the blood vessel. D
deep femoral artery
brachial artery
common iliac artery
subclavian artery
abdominal aorta artery
[#FRAME:"TRM3S4D"]
EXAM_34
Which of the following layers is found in capillaries but not in arteries? E
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
both tunica media and tunica adventitia
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM3S1E"]
NONE
Which of the following will have the highest blood pressure? A
aortic arch
abdominal aorta
femoral artery
common iliac artery
renal artery
[#FRAME:"TRM3S2A"]
NONE
Which of the following will have a "pulse"? D
a capillary bed in the muscles of your leg
a venule in your arm
your inferior vena cava
a small artery in your wrist
a capillary bed in your hand
[#FRAME:"TRM3S3B"]
NONE
The endothelium is a layer of epithelial tissue and is a component of which of the following histological layers? A
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
[#FRAME:"TRM3S2B"]
NONE
Large quantities of smooth muscle can be found in which of the following histological layers (think of the aorta)? B
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
[#FRAME:"TRM3S2B"]
NONE
A rest, a normal adult will have the majority of blood in which of the following types of vessel? C
arteries
capillaries
veins
[#FRAME:"TRM3S2E"]
NONE
The circle of Willis is associated with which of the following blood vessel systems? C
hepatic portal system
pulmonary circuit
arteries that supply blood to the brain
arteries that supply blood to the liver and intestines
arteries that supply blood to reproductive organs
[#FRAME:"TRM3S4I"]
NONE
Fluids move into a capillary bed primarily by which of the following processes? C
diffusion
active transport
osmosis
endocytosis
exocytosis
[#FRAME:"TRM3S6A"]
NONE
Substances such as COÒ, lactic acid, adenosine, KÌ ions, and HÌ ions C
are all vasodilator substances and cause precapillary sphincters to contract.
are all vasoconstrictor substances and cause precapillary sphincters to contract.
are all vasodilator substances and cause precapillary sphincters to relax.
are all vasoconstrictor substances and cause precapillary sphincters to relax.
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM3S7A"]
NONE
Most blood vessels are innervated by which portion of the nervous system? C
central nervous system
sensory nervous system
autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems)
[#FRAME:"TRM3S7B"]
NONE
If the heart and blood vessels are stimulated by the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system, which of the following will happen? A
increased heart rate and increased blood pressure
decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
net loss in total blood volume caused by increased kidney activity
increased blood pressure due to reduced kidney activity
[#FRAME:"TRM3S7C"]
NONE
Which of the following is true concerning the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism? D
Low blood pressure causes the kidneys to release aldosterone.
High blood pressure causes the kidneys to release aldosterone.
Renin causes a decrease in blood pressure by causing vasodilation.
Low blood pressure causes the kidneys to release renin.
Angiotensin is produced by the adrenal cortex and causes the liver to secrete renin.
[#FRAME:"TRM3S7D"]
NONE
Which of the following help differentiate portal systems from other circulatory routes? B
the absence of capillary beds
two sets of capillary beds
three sets of capillary beds
unusually large arteries and veins
the absence of arterioles and venules
[#FRAME:"TRM3S2D"]
NONE
The term "blood pressure" most commonly refers to C
pressure of the blood in the lungs.
pressure of the blood in the atria.
pressure of the blood in the arteries supplied by branches of the aorta.
pressure of the blood in the veins that feed into the vena cava.
the average pressure of all the different individual pressures in the veins and arteries.
[#FRAME:"TRM3S3A"]
NONE
The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction is called the __________ pressure. When the ventricles relax, arterial pressure drops, and the lowest pressure that remains in the arteries before the next ventricular contraction is the __________ pressure. A
systolic/diastolic
diastolic/systolic
afferent/efferent
efferent/afferent
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM3S3A"]
NONE
Which of the following represents "normal" systolic and diastolic blood pressures (measured in mm of Hg) that you may find in an artery in your arm? B
120/20
120/80
200/100
1000/500
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM3S3A"]
NONE
Which of the following types of immunity is produced when antibodies from a mother's breast milk are transferred to a child? C
natural and active
artificial and active
natural and passive
artificial and passive
[#FRAME:"TRM4S9A"]
NONE
Which of the following vessels connect the lymphatic system to the bloodstream? C
the right lymphatic duct and the abdominal duct
the left lymphatic duct and the splenic duct
the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct
the left lymphatic duct and the abdominal duct
the right lymphatic duct and the splenic duct
[#FRAME:"TRM4S4A"]
NONE
Lymph nodes contain large numbers of ______ that help fight invading microorganisms. D
pathogens
memory cells and plasma cells
erythrocytes and leukocytes
lymphocytes and macrophages
B cells and T cells
[#FRAME:"TRM4S3A"]
NONE
Which of the following cells are specialized to nonspecifically consume and digest antigens? C
plasma cells
mast cells
macrophages
T helper cells
cytotoxic T cells
[#FRAME:"TRM4S2G"]
NONE
Which of the following best describe the function of interferon? D
It is a chemical secreted by helper T cells to activate plasma cells.
It is a chemical secreted by a cell that has been infected by a bacteria that causes other cells to initiate antibacterial defense mechanisms.
It is a chemical secreted by macrophages that sticks to microorganisms and makes them easy to recognize by other cells of the immune system.
It is a chemical secreted by a cell that has been infected by a virus that causes other cells to initiate antiviral defense mechanisms.
It is a chemical that will signal the brain to increase body temperature.
[#FRAME:"TRM4S7G"]
NONE
Which of the following will produce and secrete antibodies? A
plasma cells
helper T cells
mast cells
macrophages
T cells
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8A"]
NONE
Which of the following can be found in a lymph node? D
macrophages
lymphocytes
lymph fluid
All of the above can be found in a lymph node.
[#FRAME:"TRM4S4A"]
NONE
T cells mature within which of the following structures? C
thoracic duct
tonsils
thymus
bone marrow
spleen
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8A"]
NONE
Which of the following cells is typically found in the connective tissues of the body and releases histamine as part of a local immune response? B
memory cells
mast cells
T helper cell
T killer cell
B cell
[#FRAME:"TRM4S7D"]
NONE
Which of the following cells is phagocytic and may engulf foreign material, damaged cells, and even cellular debris? E
B cell
plasma cell
cytotoxic T cell
T killer cell
macrophage
[#FRAME:"TRM4S7A"]
NONE
Fever is a nonspecific immune response to an infection that will create an unfavorable environment for microbial growth and also enhance the normal immune response. A
true
false
[#FRAME:"TRM4S7B"]
NONE
____ is a set of proteins in the blood plasma that aids the activities of the immune system by causing foreign cells to rupture. B
Interferon
Complement
Perforin
Antibodies
Antigen
[#FRAME:"TRM4S7E"]
NONE
When an antigen binds with a B cell, the B cell will D
immediately start secreting antibodies that are specific to the antigen.
change into T cells, which then produce antibodies.
then activate macrophages and secrete interferon.
divide into memory cells and plasma cells.
secrete interferon.
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8C"]
NONE
Which of the following is a nonspecific immune response to a viral infection? E
the activation of memory cells
the interaction of helper T cells with B cells
plasma cells begin to secrete antibodies
the secondary immune response that is produced by memory cells
the production and secretion of interferon
[#FRAME:"TRM4S6G"]
NONE
B cells will have antibodies on their surfaces that can bind directly with an antigen. A
true
false
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8C"]
NONE
Which of the following events must happen first? B
clonal expansion of a T cell
macrophage presents an antigen to a T cell
T cells divide and differentiate into helper T cells
T cells divide and differentiate into memory T cells
T cells divide and differentiate into cytotoxic T cells
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8E"]
NONE
The thymus gland is located A
just superior to the heart.
near the oral cavity.
next to the spleen.
near the appendix.
just superior to the kidney.
[#FRAME:"TRM4S6D"]
NONE
Which type of T cell is responsible for killing infected or cancerous body cells? C
suppressor T cell
memory T cell
cytotoxic T cell
helper T cell
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8G"]
NONE
Which of the following is in a vaccination shot? D
antibodies
B and T cells
interferon and complement
antigens
macrophages
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8J"]
NONE
In a vaccination, what is the intent of "attenuating" the pathogen? B
to increase the ability of the immune system to recognize the antigen
to decrease the ability of the pathogen to produce a disease
to accelerate the production of memory cells
to increase the quantity of plasma cells
All of the above are true of "attenuating."
[#FRAME:"TRM4S8J"]
NONE
Which of the following types of immunity is produced by receiving a vaccination? B
natural and active
artificial and active
natural and passive
artificial and passive
[#FRAME:"TRM4S9A"]
NONE
Which is the type of immunity produced by antigens that are introduced through an infection or by contact? A
naturally acquired active immunity
artificially acquired active immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity
artificially acquired passive immunity
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM4S9A"]
NONE
Which is the type of immunity produced by an injection of antibodies that have been produced by another person or animal? D
naturally acquired active immunity
artificially acquired active immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity
artificially acquired passive immunity
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM4S9A"]
NONE
Which is the type of immunity produced by a vaccination? B
naturally acquired active immunity
artificially acquired active immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity
artificially acquired passive immunity
none of the above
[#FRAME:"TRM4S9A"]
NONE
The maturation of T cells takes place in which of the following structures? E
